Poly Lactic Acid [PLA] Filament for 3D Printing
Overview
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources such as corn starch. It is one of the most popular materials among 3D printing enthusiasts due to its environmentally friendly properties and ease of use.
Advantages
- Biodegradability: PLA is biodegradable, making it a more environmentally friendly option compared to other plastics.
- Renewable Source: Derived from corn and other renewable resources.
- Biocompatibility: PLA is biocompatible with the human body, making it suitable for medical applications.
- Ease of Printing: PLA is easier to print than ABS due to its lower melting temperature.
Disadvantages
- Lower Heat Resistance: PLA has a lower glass transition temperature (60-65°C) compared to ABS, making it less suitable for high-temperature applications.
- Brittleness: PLA is harder but more brittle than ABS, which may not be ideal for parts that require high impact resistance.
Technical Specifications
- Density: 1.3 g/cm³ (81 lb/ft³)
- Elastic (Young’s, Tensile) Modulus: 2.0 to 2.6 GPa (0.29 to 0.38 x 10³ psi)
- Elongation at Break: 6.0%
- Flexural Modulus: 4.0 GPa (0.58 x 10⁶ psi)
- Flexural Strength: 80 MPa (12 x 10³ psi)
- Glass Transition Temperature: 60°C (140°F)
- Heat Deflection Temperature at 455 kPa (66 psi): 65°C (150°F)
- Melting Onset (Solidus): 160°C (320°F)
- Shear Modulus: 2.4 GPa (0.35 x 10⁶ psi)
- Specific Heat Capacity: 1800 J/kg-K
- Strength-to-Weight Ratio: 38 kN-m/kg
- Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS): 50 MPa (7.3 x 10³ psi)
- Thermal Conductivity: 0.13 W/m-K
- Thermal Diffusivity: 0.056
Material Properties for 3D Printing
- Printing Temperature: 180°C
- Flow Tweak: 0.95
- Bed Temperature: 60°C
- Bed Preparation: Apply two layers of glue stick
Additional Considerations
- Environmental Impact: PLA is preferred by those who prioritize environmental sustainability due to its biodegradable nature.
- Print Quality: PLA offers good print quality and smooth surface finishes, making it ideal for prototypes, educational projects, and decorative items.
- Storage: PLA is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air. Store it in a cool, dry place to maintain its quality.
Comparison with ABS
- Temperature Requirements: PLA melts at a lower temperature (180-220°C) compared to ABS (210-250°C).
- Ease of Use: PLA is easier to print with and does not require a heated bed, though one is recommended.
- Fumes: Unlike ABS, PLA emits a sweet smell when heated and does not produce hazardous fumes, making it safer for home use.
By understanding these properties and considerations, you can effectively use PLA in your 3D printing projects to achieve high-quality results with an environmentally friendly material.